Proton Pump Inhibitors Show Potential in Fighting Canine Cancer

Researchers at the Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (VMBS) have made a groundbreaking discovery: proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), typically used to treat heartburn and acid reflux, may also help fight cancer and other immune disorders in dogs. This builds on similar research in human medicine, opening new avenues for veterinary oncology.

The Role of Proton Pumps

Proton pumps regulate molecule distribution in the body. While PPIs are designed to inhibit stomach acid production, new research suggests they may also affect proton pumps in cancer and immune cells. Dr. Emily Gould, assistant professor in the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (VSCS), believes that PPIs could be used alongside chemotherapy to enhance its effectiveness in treating cancer.

“While we can’t use PPIs alone to treat cancer, we’re hopeful that combining them with chemotherapy could improve treatment outcomes in veterinary medicine,” Gould said.

Acidic Microenvironments in Cancer

Cancer cells thrive in acidic environments, which drive inflammation and metastasis. These cells have their own proton pumps, called vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases), that help create these conditions. The research suggests that PPIs might inhibit these pumps, potentially making cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.

“If we can disable the cancer cells’ resistance to chemotherapy, we could make these treatments much more successful,” Gould explained.

Impact on Immune Cells

A challenge in using PPIs for cancer treatment is their effect on immune cells. PPIs may inhibit proton pumps in white blood cells, including mast cells, which are crucial in fighting disease and inflammation. Timing and careful administration will be key to using PPIs in cancer treatment to ensure they do not dampen the immune response when it is needed most.

“It all depends on what the immune system is doing. In cancer or immune-mediated disease settings, these drugs might help chemotherapy or immunosuppressives be more effective,” Gould said.

Ongoing Research and Clinical Trials

Despite their widespread use for gastrointestinal issues, much remains unknown about PPIs. Researchers like Drs. Keerthi Bandaru and Abby Ostronic are investigating the broader effects of these drugs. Gould’s team is currently running a clinical trial for dogs with mast cell tumors to see if PPIs can reduce cancer side effects.

“PPIs can do more than just manage stomach pH levels; they have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,” Gould noted. “This project began from a desire to understand these drugs better in veterinary medicine, inspired by human medicine studies.”

For more information on this trial, visit the VSCS Study Pages site or contact the VMBS’ Office of Veterinary Clinical Investigation.

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