How to pick surgical instruments
The selection of appropriate surgical instruments depends upon the type of procedure, frequency of usage, and subject size. Keeping these points in mind will help you out to select the right instrument.
Surgical instruments types
Generally, surgical instruments are categorized based on their function. These instruments may be for;
· Cutting – It covers scissors, scalpels, knives, and surgical blades, etc
· Grasping – These instruments include tissue forceps and hemostatic forceps etc
· Retraction – It includes Weitlaner and Gelpi etc
Several accessory instruments are also a major part of routine surgical procedures. These include clamps, bulldog clamps, binocular loupes, drills, vessel clips, towel clamps, biopsy punches, etc.
Instruments for cutting
The most common surgical instruments for cutting purposes are scissors. Different sizes, structures, and lengths are available depending upon the need.
Types
Vannas scissors – These are delicate scissors with spring and important for neurosurgical and ophthalmic procedures.
McPherson-Vannas – Used for intricate work like ophthalmological surgeries and have fine blades.
Castroviejo scissors – Major used to cut the delicate tissue without any damage during ophthalmological procedures
Moreover, scissors having curved tips or fine tips are also having their applications depending on the situation.
Grasping Instruments
The most common instruments for grasping in different surgical procedures are surgical forceps. They are also of different shapes and structures.
Surgical forceps have two further types, which are specially designed for particular functions.
Ring forceps
These are also known as locking forceps or hemostats because of their exerting traction function or stropping blood flow from the vessel. Here are their types;
Kelly hemostats–- for larger vessels clamping
Hartman Mosquito—for the clamping of small vessels or suture holding
Rocester-Oschner—heavy with teeth and used for large vessels
Rochester-Carmalt--- for clamming large tissues and vessels or pedicles ligating
Rochester-Pean--- horizontal serration and for large vessels and tissues holding
Thumb forceps
These forceps have applications in holding, grasping, or manipulating tissue procedures. Types are;
Adson forceps--- have teeth for holding delicate tissues
Bonn forceps--- best for delicate tissue work and tying sutures
Foerster forceps--- have the octagonal keyhole for better gripping
Iris forceps--- have teeth and applications in ophthalmological procedures
Graefe forceps--- bear 6 to 8 teeth (in a horizontal row) for better grasping
Retractors
Retractors can hold a tissue or organ and exposed the underneath structures.
Hand retractors--- must be present in the hand of the surgeon
Self-restraining --- these retractors allow the surgeon to work freely
Wire made retractors---- these allow a free hand operation
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