Neuropathology of hypertensive encephalopathy in cats.

A study evaluated the pathologic features of 12 cats with naturally acquired systemic hypertension and subsequent hypertensive encephalopathy.  All twelve cats had shown signs of stupor, coma, and seizures and had pressures ranging from 160 to 300 mm Hg.

Gross lesions were identified in 4 of 12 cases, including caudal herniation of the cerebrum and cerebellum, some with compression of the rostral colliculus and medulla.

Histologically, all 12 cats had bilaterally symmetrical edema of the cerebral white matter and vascular lesions including arteriolar hyalinosis.

Eleven of the cats also had chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, six had hypertensive choroidal arteriopathy, and five had left ventricular hypertrophy.

This study demonstrates that the typical histologic manifestation of spontaneous hypertensive encephalopathy in cats is bilaterally symmetrical edema of the subcortical cerebral white matter.

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Neuropathology of Spontaneous Hypertensive Encephalopathy in Cats.