Potential treatment for chronic kidney disease in dogs revealed
A recent study led by Dr. Hilla Chen from the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine at Hebrew University, published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, offers fresh insights into managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. The research investigates the potential of paricalcitol, a second-generation vitamin D analog, in addressing two key complications of CKD: renal secondary hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) and proteinuria.
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition where a dog’s kidneys gradually lose their ability to function, typically affecting older dogs, though it can occur in younger animals as well. One of the major challenges associated with CKD is RHPT, a disorder that develops when the kidneys fail to properly regulate minerals like calcium and phosphorus, causing elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. This imbalance can lead to damage in bones and other organs.
The study aimed to determine whether paricalcitol could help manage RHPT and reduce the adverse effects commonly seen in CKD.
In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, 13 client-owned dogs diagnosed with CKD (stages 2-4) based on the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines participated. The dogs received either paricalcitol or a placebo over two 12-week study periods, with a two-week washout phase in between. Researchers closely monitored kidney function, hormone levels, and mineral concentrations throughout the study.
Key Findings:
Reduction in PTH Levels: Dogs treated with paricalcitol showed a significant reduction in PTH concentrations, indicating improved mineral balance and management in CKD.
Stabilization of Proteinuria: While proteinuria worsened in the placebo group, dogs on paricalcitol experienced stable protein levels, suggesting the drug’s potential protective effects on the kidneys.
Mild Side Effects: Some dogs experienced mild hypercalcemia, a condition where calcium levels become too high. However, with dose adjustments, this side effect was managed without requiring withdrawal from the study.
Increase in FGF-23: A notable increase in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels was observed, prompting concerns about the long-term effects of paricalcitol and the need for further study.
These findings suggest that paricalcitol holds promise in managing CKD by reducing RHPT and possibly slowing the progression of the disease. However, due to the risk of hypercalcemia, careful monitoring of calcium levels and dosage adjustments are recommended.
"Our findings open the door to new therapeutic options for managing CKD in dogs. While paricalcitol shows promise in reducing PTH levels and stabilizing proteinuria, it requires careful monitoring to avoid potential adverse effects like hypercalcemia," Dr. Chen noted.
While the study offers encouraging results, further long-term research is needed to assess the full impact of paricalcitol on CKD progression, survival rates, and the potential risks associated with elevated FGF-23 levels.
