Wisconsin Department of Agriculture Provides Update on HPAI/H5N1 in Dairy Cattle in Wisconsin
In December 2024, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) identified three cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) in poultry flocks. Nationally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has confirmed 36 cases of H5N1 in livestock across four states in the last 30 days.
Detection of a New Strain in Dairy Cattle
USDA APHIS recently notified DATCP of a new genotype of HPAI (H5N1) detected in dairy cattle in Nevada and Arizona. This strain, designated genotype D1.1, originated from wild migratory birds. As of now, Wisconsin has not detected HPAI in dairy cattle, but DATCP continues to monitor the situation closely.
H5N1 Protocol for Dairy Farms
DATCP has developed a guidance document outlining the steps to follow if H5N1 is detected on a dairy farm. This serves as a general reference for the industry, though response actions may vary based on individual circumstances.
Wisconsin Joins the National Milk Testing Strategy
On December 6, 2024, USDA APHIS launched the National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS), an initiative to enhance monitoring of H5N1 in dairy cattle. Wisconsin is now participating in the NMTS, utilizing existing routine milk testing samples to streamline the process.
Biosecurity and Disease Monitoring
Producers should enhance biosecurity measures and monitor their herds for signs of disease. Unexplained symptoms should be reported to DATCP at (608) 224-4872 during business hours or (800) 943-0003 after hours and on weekends.
Federal and State Testing Requirements
April 24 Federal Order: Lactating dairy cattle must test negative for Influenza A virus at a National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) lab before interstate movement. A subset of 30 cows must be tested for groups moving together.
Wisconsin Requirements: Lactating dairy cattle must test negative for Influenza A virus before attending fairs or exhibitions.
Biosecurity Tips for Upcoming Events
With agricultural fairs, shows, and dairy events approaching, organizers and producers should:
Enhance biosecurity measures and monitor herds for disease.
Report herds with unexplained symptoms to DATCP.
Utilize DATCP's online resources for event organizers.
Human Health Precautions
Human cases of H5N1 have been reported following exposure to infected animals. The Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) advises those working with animals to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with CDC guidelines. PPE can be requested from the Wisconsin DHS medical stockpile. According to the CDC, the public health risk remains low.
Food Safety Assurance
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and USDA reaffirm that the commercial milk supply remains safe due to the pasteurization process. The USDA also confirms that the meat supply remains secure.
Resources
DATCP HPAI (H5N1) in Poultry
DATCP H5N1 in Dairy Cattle
USDA Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees, and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP)
USDA Dairy Herd Status Program
USDA Expanded Support for Affected and Unaffected Producers
For additional information and guidance, producers and industry professionals should refer to DATCP and USDA resources.
