New Predictive Model for Hypoadrenocorticism: How Low Cortisol and Key Symptoms Can Guide Your Diagnosis”
A multicentric study by Nuno Sousa Santos and colleagues sought to improve the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs with resting hypocortisolemia (RC <2.0 μg/dL). While low cortisol concentrations are commonly used to rule out HA, significant overlap with other conditions complicates diagnosis. This study aimed to identify clinical, hematological, and biochemical variables that could increase suspicion of HA and support a more accurate diagnosis.
The study analyzed 92 dogs presented to two referral centers from January 2018 to March 2022. Dogs were divided into two groups based on the results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (ACTHst): HA and non-HA. Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression, the researchers developed a predictive model based on various clinical and laboratory factors.
Of the 92 dogs, 29 (32.2%) were diagnosed with HA. The HA group had a higher prevalence of acute gastrointestinal signs, anorexia, and lethargy. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated creatinine, BUN, ALT, and potassium levels, while albumin, sodium, and Na/K ratio were lower in the HA group.
Multivariate analysis identified key predictive variables: lethargy (OR 5.25), anorexia (OR 3.69), albumin (OR 0.32), and sodium (OR 0.84) concentrations. The combination of these factors provided a robust model for predicting HA in dogs with low resting cortisol levels.
In clinical practice, the study suggests that in dogs with resting hypocortisolemia, the presence of anorexia, lethargy, low sodium, and low albumin concentrations should raise the suspicion of HA. These findings provide valuable diagnostic guidance and may assist veterinarians in identifying HA more effectively, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved management of affected dogs.
Read full article here: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1523170/full
