Unlocking the secrets of hip dysplasia: What dogs and humans have in common will amaze you

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common condition shared by both humans and dogs, and this connection is rooted in their shared evolutionary ancestry, resulting in similarities in their anatomical structures at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. This article explores the commonalities in the anatomy, causes, development, diagnosis, and treatment of HD in both species.

Both humans and dogs have a comparable musculoskeletal structure, despite differences in their gait (bipedal in humans and quadruped in dogs). HD is recognized as canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in dogs and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in humans. The prevalence of HD varies in both populations, with several shared genetic and environmental factors influencing its occurrence. These include factors such as breed, genetics, nutrition, and hormonal influences.

Diagnosing HD involves similar methods in humans and dogs, with radiography being the primary diagnostic tool. Radiographic parameters such as the center-edge (CE) angle and the Norberg angle are used to assess hip dysplasia in both species.

Treatment options vary depending on the age and developmental stage of the patient. Early non-surgical treatments may involve the use of devices like the Pavlik harness in humans, while early surgical treatments might include open reduction of the hip joint or osteotomies to improve hip stability and coverage. In dogs, juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) is used to achieve similar results.

As patients reach skeletal maturity, surgical interventions may become more complex. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an option for both humans and dogs, though it is generally reserved as a last resort due to its cost and the need for potential future revisions. Another procedure, femoral head and neck excision, is more commonly used in dogs as a salvage option.

Cross-species research has benefited both human and veterinary medicine. Innovations in materials and implant designs for THA, initially developed for humans, have improved the outcomes of THA in dogs. In turn, developments in veterinary medicine, such as new concepts for implant fixation, have the potential to influence human orthopedic procedures.

In conclusion, despite some variations in treatment options, there are significant similarities in the anatomy, causes, and treatment of hip dysplasia in humans and dogs. Collaboration and information exchange between the two fields of research can potentially lead to improved treatments for both species.

Read full article here: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.791434/full#:~:text=HD%20is%20better%20known%20as,breed%20(5–8).