Hemorrhagic and ischemic brain disease imaging in dogs
Strokes, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, are the most common underlying cause of acute, non-progressive encephalopathy in dogs.
This article summarizes the features of canine strokes as seen on computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Detailed logistics of image acquisition, description of imaging findings, and each sequence's advantages and disadvantages are thoroughly explored.
Both forms of imaging show features that are highly representative of the underlying pathologic mechanisms of strokes at various stages and time frames after onset. It is unlikely that canine strokes can be diagnosed within the same rapid time frame as human strokes, and therefore the opportunity for thrombolytic intervention in ischemic strokes is unattainable.
A clear understanding of the appearance of strokes at various stages can aid the clinician when presented with a patient that has developed a stroke in the days or weeks prior to evaluation. Additionally, investigation into new imaging techniques may increase the sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis, as well as provide new ways to monitor strokes over time.
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