Over time the human–animal bond has been changed, from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship and can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment.

Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, with owners becoming increasingly more aware of their pet’s health and welfare, impacting both lifestyle and environment. Zoonotic risk can increase due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, housing exotic animals, importing rescue dogs, and soil contact. 

With changing human–companion animal bonds, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and challenges conforming the biology of the animal, are all important to communicate between veterinarian and owner.

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Impact of Zoonosis on Human-Animal Relationships